Programs and handbills advertising swimming and diving displays by Beatrice Kerr

Date1884 - 1911

Object numberANMS1026

NameArchive series

MediumPaper

ClassificationsEphemera

Credit LineANMM Collection donated through the Australian Government Cultural Gifts Program by the Williams family, descendants of Beatrice Kerr

Terms

DescriptionThis collection relates to Beatrice Kerr, a champion Australian swimmer, diver and vaudeville entertainer. Beatrice Maude Kerr (like rival Annette Kellerman and contemporaries Fanny Durak and Mina Wylie) was an exemplar of the fit modern woman in the early 1900s at a time when physical culture movement was just being established. Kerr had a fastest swimming time of 1 minute 21.4 seconds for the 100 yds (91.4 m) and 27.5 minutes for the mile (1.6 km). Although Kerr did not hold world records or swim at the Olympics like Fanny Durak and Mina Wylie she was highly regarded as a swimmer and entertainer and inspired many young women to take to the water. This series consists of 79 swimming carnival and gala programs ranging from August 1884 to February 1912. The carnival and gala programs feature the following: the Albert Park Ladies' Swimming Club; Burnley Swimming Club; County Borough of Salford; Edenfield & District Swimming Association; Manchester Victoria Swimming and Life-Saving Society; Manchester Ship Canal Swimming Club; Natal Amateur Swimming Association; Melbourne Swimming Club’s Grand Ladies' Day; Williamstown Ladies Swimming Club; Preston Amateur Swimming Club; Victorian Amateur Swimming Association; Barnsley Borough Police Swimming Club; Bradford Dolphin SC; Brighton Ladies' Swimming Club; Burslem Ladies' Amateur Swimming Club; C W S Longsight Swimming Club; Chronicle Athletic Club; City Baths; District of Northwich; Farnworth Amateur Swimming Club; Geelong Ladies' Swimming Club; Hollingworth Lake & Gardens; Macclesfield Swimming Club; Salford Police Swimming Club; Bury Police Amateur Swimming Club; Chadderton Amateur Swimming Club; CWS Longsights Recreation and Social Club; Hobson's Bay Swimming Club; Hyde Seal Swimming Club; Ladies' Western Swimming Club; Longsight Swimming Club; Spero Swimming Club; Walton-le-Dale Life Saving Club; Rochdale Swimming Club and City of Hawthorn. There are also several handbills advertising displays of swimming and diving by Beatrice Kerr.HistoryBeatrice Maude Kerr (1887-1971) was a champion Australian swimmer, diver and vaudeville entertainer. Born on 30 November 1887 at Williamstown, Melbourne, she was the eldest child of bookkeeper Alexander Robert Kerr and his wife Eliza Sophia née Clark. Kerr was raised at Albert Park where her mother taught Beatrice and her siblings to swim from an early age. Kerr began competitive swimming at Geelong and in Melbourne at Brighton and Albert Park. In 1905 she won medals in the Victorian Championships for the 110 yards (91.4 m) and 120 yards (109.7m) events and a gold bangle for the Australasian Amateur Championship. In the same year she completed 366 swimming and diving performances during a twenty week season at the Princes Court pleasure gardens in Melbourne. She was a rival of Annette Kellerman who judged Kerr in a diving event at Brighton Baths where Kerr took out first place. During a six week tour to Adelaide, Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie and Perth in 1906, Kerr won five open championships, entered forty-three races and won forty-three prizes. She was accompanied on tour by her sister and brother-in-law who acted as her manager. In order to consolidate her professional swimming career Kerr sailed from Perth to London in 1906. She stayed in Britain for five years performing in public baths during the English swimming season (from Easter to October) and at theatres and other venues during the winter months. She appeared in theatrical swimming events such as the 'Treasure Ship' at venues including the Olympia, Liverpool, and the Manchester and London Hippodromes, earning between £9 and £14 a week. Her performances included demonstrations of a range of swimming strokes and dives including the trugdeon, single over-arm stroke, side stroke, back stroke, the stand-sit dive, back-front dive and tricks such as the waterwheel, spinning stop, the Flying Honey Pot and the Australian Splash. At Bradford in September 1906 Kerr attracted record crowds with many having to be turned away. At this time swimming was still a novelty and both Kerr and Kellerman made an impact with their sleeveless men's racing suits which they wore in competition and for publicity photographs. One of Kerr's performance suits had metallic spangles resembling fish scales and weighed 2.3 kg while another was embroidered with a kangaroo and 'Australia'. While men's racing suits were permitted for women swimmers in competition they were still considered indecent in public. Both Kerr and Kellerman built their careers on their physical accomplishments, and were famous for their athleticism. For Kerr and Kellerman, physical displays were a show of fitness rather than pure sexuality enabling them to retain respectability while pushing the boundaries of what was considered acceptable. While both women were in London, Kerr challenged Annette Kellerman to a race as her racing times were faster. Kellerman declined. Kerr continued touring Britain until 1911. She returned to Australia in October 1911 and married Griffith Ellis Williams, a Welsh-born dispenser in Redfern, Sydney and then retired from professional swimming. The Williams family lived at Bondi and took a keen interest in the development of the beach. A park at North Bondi was named after the family. Beatrice Williams died in Coogee and was buried at Waverley cemetery. She was survived by her only son.SignificanceThis collection documents the professional swimming and vaudeville career of Australian champion swimmer and diver Beatrice Maude Kerr in Australia and Britain between 1905 and 1911. It includes vaudeville posters, theatrical contracts, correspondence, postcards, scrap books, publications, news clippings and photographs.