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Image Not Available for He died for Freedom and Honour : Leopold Florence Scarlett
He died for Freedom and Honour : Leopold Florence Scarlett
Image Not Available for He died for Freedom and Honour : Leopold Florence Scarlett

He died for Freedom and Honour : Leopold Florence Scarlett

Designer (British, 1885 - 1965)
Date1920
Object number00054269
NameMedallion
MediumBronze.
DimensionsOverall: 120 × 120 × 3 mm, 0.34 kg
ClassificationsCoins and medals
Credit LineANMM Collection Gift from Lord Abinger
DescriptionA Memorial Plaque issued to the family of Leopold Florence Scarlett, Third Officer aboard the Royal Australian Navy submarine AE1 which disappeared without trace on 14 September 1914 while on patrol in the St George's Channel off Rabaul. The Memorial Plaque was issued to the next-of-kin of all British and Empire service personnel who were killed as a result of the the First World War. It features the figure of Britannia standing next to a lion with a trident in her hand. Above her is an oak leaf wreath bearing the deceased's name 'Leopold Florence Scarlett'. Two dolphins swim around Britannia, symbolizing Britain's sea power. Around the picture the legend reads: 'He died for freedom and honour'. The name of the serviceman appears in a plaque next to Britannia but it did not state their rank. Due to the nature and appearance of the Memorial Plaque, it came to be known as a "Dead Man’s Penny" or "Widows Penny". There were approximately 60,000 plaques issued in Australia and included those who had been killed serving in the Australian Army Nursing Service.HistoryLieutenant the Honourable Leopold Florence Scarlett was born in 1889 in Hampshire, England. He trained as a submarine officer for the Royal Navy but moved to Australia after being diagnosed with TB. He was retired due to being 'unfit' from the Royal Navy in June of 1913. Scarlett managed to recover his health after spending time in Queensland with his brother who was serving as Aide de Camp to the Governor. When the submarines AE1 and AE2 were refitting at Cockatoo Island in June 1914, Commander Thomas Besant of AE1 requested more trained submarine officers from the Royal Navy in London. The Navy Office responded with the assignment of Lieutenant Scarlett who had volunteered and been accepted for service in Brisbane. Scarlett was then appointed as a Lieutenant of the Royal Australian Navy on AE1 in August, 1914. In September 1914 AE1 was sent as part of the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force to New Guinea. This was an effort by the Allies to eliminate the German presence in the region and destroy German wireless communication stations. On September 14, AE1 and HMAS PARRAMATTA were directed out into the St Georges channel around New Britain and New Ireland in attempts to locate any enemy ships that may still be in the area. Although seas were calm, it was noted that the day itself was hazy and by mid-afternoon visibility on the water was reduced to five nautical miles. At 1520 HMAS PARRAMATTA spotted AE1 off Bernard Point. However, by 2000 that night AE1 had not returned to Simpson Harbour as agreed. HMAS PARRAMATTA and HMAS YARRA started to search for her that night but no trace was found. The next morning the search was widened and now included HMAS ENCOUNTER and HMAS WARREGO. At the end of three days searching, which now also included a number of smaller vessels available to the Australians, the search was concluded with no trace or clue as to what had happened to AE1. In a report back to the Admiralty Vice Admiral Patey suggested that AE1 most likely had struck and an underwater reef and sunk in the deeper waters of the channel. There was also always the possibility that an on-board fault or explosion might have led to the loss with all hands. Despite repeated attempts, AE1 has not been located to this day.SignificanceThe submarines AE1 and AE2 have a significant place in RAN history, not only as the first submarines built for the navy but also the role they played in Australia’s first engagements in World War 1. AE1 as part of the Australian Expeditionary Force to New Guinea and AE2 in her heroic mission through the Dardanelles and into the Sea of Marmora.
Crews of submarines were very much viewed as heroes, "That is why every man who joins the sub- marine service, officer and man, are among the pick of the navy, the bravest of brave. Though AE1 was not lost in action with the enemy, each man on board, from Lieutenant-Commander Besant down, ready to hazard his life in the dangerous work he had chosen in the Empire's vice “(Sydney Morning Herald, 21 September 1914).