Underwood typewriter in case

Datebefore 1955

Object number00040593

NameTypewriter

MediumMetal

DimensionsOverall: 355 x 320 x 140 mm

ClassificationsTools and equipment

Credit LineANMM Collection Gift from Natalie Seiz and Andrew Seiz

Terms

DescriptionThis Underwood typewriter was brought to Australia in 1955 by Russian migrant Ilya Seiz-Pocrnja. Ilya and his family had been forced to flee Russia after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, settling the following year in Harbin, China, where Ilya co-founded the Wright and Pocrnja's English Language School. The family fled to Australia in 1955 in the wake of the establishment of the People's Republic of China.HistoryWhite Russians Katherine and Ilya Seiz-Pocrnja fled to Harbin, China in 1918 after the Bolshevik Revolution. They were accompanied by Katherine's stepsister Alexandria and her brother Victor. In 1919 Ilya, with Englishwoman Miss J Wright, founded the Wright and Pocrnja's English Language School in Harbin. The school was registered with the British Consulate and operated until 1942, when it was closed by the Japanese. Ilya assisted other Russians living in Harbin to apply for visas for Australia and South America. He was harassed by the police in Harbin and branded a spy working for Britain and the United States. Katherine Seiz -Pocrnja was a homemaker, while her sister Alexandria performed with a Manchurian dance company. In 1929 Katherine gave birth to her only son Eugene, who attended his father Ilya's English school. Eugene married in Harbin and his first son George died in infancy. Harbin in north China was once the heart of a vibrant Russian community of diverse cultural and political origins. However by the mid-1930s, the Japanese occupation of Manchuria drove many Russians to seek refuge elsewhere. For the thousands who returned to the Soviet Union, it was a bitter homecoming. At the height of Stalin's purges, they were arrested as Japanese spies. Some were shot, while others were sent to labour camps. Few survived. The Seiz family was forced to flee China after the Communist revolution and establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. They were given the choice of Brazil or Australia. The donor Natalie Seiz (Katherine and Ilya's granddaughter) believes that another Russian family sponsored them to migrate to Australia in 1955 on SS TJIBADAK. They left under tragic circumstances. The rest of the extended family (including Katherine's stepsister and brother) had perished from tuberculosis. Upon arrival in Australia, the word 'stateless' was stamped on the Seiz family's immigration papers, despite the fact they had lived in both Russia and China. In Sydney the family lived in a house in Washington Street, Bexley. Ilya worked as a trimmer at the Dunlopillo factory in Bankstown, Katherine found work in the kitchens at the Imperial Service Club in Barrack Street and Eugene established the Abode real estate agency. Ilya died in 1962. In Australia, Eugene separated from his wife. On a trip to Hong Kong, he met his second wife and they had two children, Natalie and Andrew, before separating. After Eugene died in 1979, Natalie was largely raised by her grandmother Katherine. Katherine Seiz spoke little English and consequently communicated with her grandchildren in broken English. Katherine died in 1990. She was an active member of the Russian Orthodox congregation in Sydney, particularly the Croydon church attended by émigrés from Harbin.SignificanceThe typewriter relates to the Seiz family's early life in Leningrad, before their move to Harbin and then to Australia. It is part of a collection of treasured possessions brought to Australia in 1955, and reflects one Russian family's experience as displaced persons.