Harpoon from the village of Lamalera

Date1990s

Object number00030161

NameHarpoon

MediumIron, synthetic and cotton rope, twine

DimensionsOverall: 6970 x 50 mm, 1.4 kg
Display Dimensions: 730 x 520 mm

ClassificationsTools and equipment

Credit LineANMM Collection Gift from Lamalera Village

Terms

DescriptionThis harpoon comes from the whaling village of Lamalera, Eastern Indonesia. The head of the harpoon is attached to three lengths of rope, each different, which are successively larger. The harpoon head is attached to the first smallest piece of rope by a cotton rope (léo). During traditional whaling, the tip of a hand held harpoon separates from the shaft as it enters the whale. The harpoon shaft remains attached to the tip by a line which connects back to the whale boat.HistoryThe coastal village of Lamalera is situated on the remote Eastern Indonesian island of Lembata. As the island of Lamalera offers little soil for crop cultivation, the community relies on whale hunting for subsistence. Fishing vessels are integral to local commerce and livelihood and each vessel is owned and managed by a clan. The catch is shared according to a system of rights and obligations which rewards everyone who has had a part in building, equipping, maintaining and operating the boat. Each clan has its own system for each different species. The clans of Lamalera hunt whales and other 'charismatic megafauna', keeping alive sailing and hunting technologies that have vanished elsewhere. Whales and giant manta rays, boats and the sea are interwoven through village life, belief, ritual and art. Genuine subsistence whaling, such as that undertaken at Lamalera, is exempt from the International Whaling Commission's ban, because of the village's cultural, nutritional and economic dependence on it. With no arable land to grow food, Lamaleran's depend on trading dried whale meat and fish for vegetables, fruit, staple cereals and tobacco grown in the hills inland. They also trade for cotton needed to spin thread for making ropes and cloth, and for pigments to dye thread for weaving ikat cloth. The ancestral religion of the Lamaleran society was animist, involving the belief that sprits dwell in every object, and ceremonies often entailed animal sacrifices. Conversion to Catholicism began in the 1890s but it was not until the 1920s that a German priest, Vater Bernadus Bode, brought the whole village into his fold. Bode persuaded the clans to substitute holy water for blood sacrifices in their ceremonies. Each fishing vessel is therefore decorated with carved and painted decorations and spiritual motifs, some Christian and some from pre-existing ancestral beliefs, emphasizing the importance of whaling and fishing to the Lamaleran community.SignificanceThis harpoon is representative of the types of tools used in whaling in Lamalera. It is important in illustrating the methods involved in some of the last true traditional, subsistence whaling to be practised in the world.