Transistor world time clock used by Lena Gustin

Date1960s-1970s

Object number00052218

NameClock

MediumPlastic, metal, ink on paper

DimensionsOverall: 203 x 150 x 100 mm, 497 g

ClassificationsTools and equipment

Credit LineANMM Collection Gift from Mamma Lena and Dino Gustin Foundation

Terms

DescriptionA transistor world time clock, circa 1950s. It is a plastic clock with a metal disc on the face with the names of countries, dates and an image of the world. At various times during her radio programs, Mamma Lena would give her listeners the local and Italian times. The clock made sure that the Italian time was always available at a glance.HistoryMaria Maddalena (Lena) Morelli was born in Dezzo di Scalve, Italy, on 9 July 1914. She obtained a teacher's diploma from the Instituto Magistrale Manzoni, Milan, and taught at schools in Salerno, Bergamo and Turin from 1937-1956. Dino Gustin, a journalist from Trieste, Italy, was born in 1919. He published short stories under the name Dino Gusteni as he considered the name Gustin sounded too foreign and not Italian. After World War II he organised variety shows and concerts in northern Italy. Lena and Dino married on 27 December 1940 and they had three children, two sons and a daughter. With war time deprivation costing the life of their first son, and conditions looking bleak in post-war Europe, Lena, Dino and their children Rosalba and Robert migrated to Australia on the Cogedar liner AURELIA in 1956. AURELIA had accommodation for 1,124 passengers and made four round trips per year from Italy to Australia until 1958. In 1959 it commenced a new service to Australia from Bremerhaven, West Germany. With a decline in the migrant trade to Australia in the late 1960s, AURELIA was refitted as a cruise ship, with accommodation for 470 passengers. In 1970 it was purchased by Chandris Cruises and renamed ROMANZA. In Sydney Lena taught Italian twice a week at the Ashfield Evening College. She also worked as a columnist for the Italian Catholic newspaper La Fiamma [The Flame], writing three columns per week: Salotto di Lena [Lena's living room], Lena Risponde [Lena replies] and Di Tutto un po [A little bit of everything]. In 1957 Lena pioneered foreign language broadcasting and women's radio journalism by producing and presenting the program Ora Italiana [Italian hour] with Dino on Sydney Catholic radio station 2SM. This was followed two years later by a daily radio program on 2CH, covering Italian News, Arrivederci Roma, Festival in Casa [Home festival], Musichiere [The musical hour] and Sorella radio [Sister radio]. The program offered advertising opportunities for Italian businesses and was one of the few media outlets through which Italian news was regularly reported. Dino produced Lena’s radio programs, attracted advertising from Italian businesses and organised their many radio competitions which generated active participation from the Italian community. In 1959 Lena became president of the National Association Migrant Families (ANFE), established to assist Italian migrants in matters of housing, employment, health, finance and taxation. Lena aimed "to get each family out of the hostels and into a house as quickly as possible." In 1965 songwriter Nino Cavallero paid tribute to Lena by penning the song 'Mamma Lena' (Mother of the Italians). The lyrics included 'Mamma Lena, you bring hope to our hearts and lessen our sorrows and nostalgia/You bring hope that we will see Italy again some day/Mamma Lena, please talk to me again and bring me hope that tomorrow will be better than today/Your sincere voice sounds like the voice of an angel/You are my mother who keeps me company in the night.' From March 1968 to July 1969 Lena was the first female editor of the Italian newspaper Settegiorni [Seven days]. Lena received numerous honours from the Italian and Australian governments, including Knight of the Italian Republic (1967), Member of the British Empire (1968), Commendatore (Dame), the highest award from the Italian Government (1999), and the Centenary Medal (2003). Lena Gustin died in Sydney on 21 September 2003. Dino Gustin died in 2004. The Mamma Lena and Dino Foundation was established in 2001 and today continues Lena and Dino's legacy of charitable work.SignificanceLena Gustin pioneered the development of foreign language programming on Australian commercial radio in the late 1950s and was highly regarded as the voice of Sydney's Italian community. Her popular programs on 2SM, 2CH and 2KY, produced by Dino, helped to dispel Italian migrants' isolation and facilitate their integration into Australian society, prior to the introduction of community radio and SBS in the 1970s. Lena's radio work, combined with her support of Italian welfare organisations, social, religious and sporting activities, and charitable and fundraising endeavours, earned her the nickname Mamma Lena (Mother of the Italians). The Mamma Lena collection documents a significant period in Australia’s post-war migration history and offers a perspective on how migrants settled into the Australian community.