Oskars Osis's High School student's certificate

Maker Duke of Peter High School

Date1 November 1943

Object number00029712

NameCertificate

MediumBlack and white photographic print on paper.

DimensionsOverall: 117 x 85 mm, 0.008 kg

ClassificationsEphemera

Credit LineANMM Collection

Terms

Jelgava

DescriptionThis High School Student's Certificate (aplieciba) was issued to Oskars Osis by the State High School of Duke of Peter, Jelgava, Latvia. The permit was issued on 11 May 1943 and renewed twice until 15 May 1944. Certificates were issued to every student in German-occupied Latvia for identification and to obtain travel concessions. Oskars Osis was one of many Latvians who migrated with his family to Australia after World War II. Osis arrived in 1951 and settled in Melbourne.HistoryDuring World War II much of Western Europe was invaded by Nazi Germany, forcing millions of people to flee their oppressed homelands to Displaced Persons camps. The Soviet Union annexed Latvia in 1940 under the terms of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact with Germany. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union during World War II Latvia was invaded and occupied. The Soviet Union recaptured Latvia from Germany in 1944. In the decade after the end of World War II, more than two million people migrated to Australia as part of a government campaign to increase Australia’s population. More than 170,000 were European displaced people resettled in Australia through the Displaced Persons’ Resettlement Scheme, established through an agreement between the Commonwealth Government and the International Refugee Organisation (IRO). The IRO was formed in 1946 to transport Displaced Persons to countries in Europe, North America and Australia. The organisation chartered individuals and families from various European countries including Germany, Hungary, Russia, Ukraine, Latvia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Lithuania. Latvians were one of the first Displaced Persons groups to be accepted by Australia, with some 19,421 Latvians living in the country by 1951.SignificanceThis certificate relates to Oskars Osis' life in Latvia prior to his migration to Australia. Latvians were amongst the first migrants to be accepted by Australia after World War II through the Displaced Persons’ Resettlement Scheme. This scheme, an agreement between the Commonwealth Government and the International Refugee Organisation, marked a major shift in Australian immigration policy, which had previously prioritised British migration.