P&O menu card titled 'Dog Watch', from a series themed 'Nautical Expressions'

Designer G Thompson

Maker P&O (British, founded 1837)

Printer Charles & Read Ltd of Harlow, England

Date1940-1970

Object number00049799

NameMenu

MediumPaper

DimensionsHeight: 255 mm, width: 355 mm

ClassificationsEphemera

Credit LineANMM Collection Gift from Christopher Beazley

Terms

DescriptionP&O menu card from a series based on 'Nautical Expressions', designed by G. Thompson and printed by Charles & Read Ltd. This menu card features an illustration of a dog watching a docked ship, with accompanying text explaining the origins of the nautical term 'Dog Watch'. HistoryThis menu card offers an explanation of the origins of the nautical term ‘dog watch’. Shipboard watches were divided up throughout the day, and comprised of four hour shifts with two two-hour shifts - the Dog Watch – in the evenings. The term may have come from the old saying ‘Dog & Wolf’ referring to the time between daylight and darkness. It may have been a corruption of the word ‘dodged’- as in a sailor having dodged the regular routine by landing a 2 hour watch. Another explanation that the menu card offers is that the watch was so short not even a dog would have time to nap. By the 1960s the stately passenger cruises of the 1920s to 1950s were in decline due to increased airtravel. However in the early 1970s, the passenger cruise lines transformed the cruising experience to attract a new market. In 1974, the Cunard Line Queen Elizabeth II hired international celebrities to perform cabaret acts aboard ship. The QE2 ushered in the concept of 'one-class' cruising, as the ship's facilities and amenities were made available to all passengers. Regardless of the staterooms or berths passengers had booked, they enjoyed the same service, menus, entertainment, and activities. People began taking cruises for short vacations, rather than solely as a means of transportation. Some argue the 1970s television series the Love Boat also had an impact. In the 1980s cruise lines began launching giant passenger liners, some capable of carrying over 2,000 people. These vessels were designed as all-inclusive magnificent floating hotels with casinos, running tracks, spas, champagne and caviar bars, basketball courts, private stateroom verandahs, and three-story nightclubs. Ports of call were not the main reason for cruising anymore as people became interested in the whole experience of just being on board. Cruise Lines actively marketed their shipboard experiences rather than destinations. The message was 'luxury for the masses'. Souvenirs had always been an important part of the cruise experience, and many items issued to passengers such as menus, destination cards, cocktail stirrers and match boxes were kept as momentos of what for many people were 'once in a lifetime' voyages, often honeymoons or romantic cruises.SignificanceShipboard menus such as these were often printed to be souvenirs and were collected as mementos of what for many people were 'once in a lifetime' voyages. Many shipping companies produced their own series of collectable menus with themes such as exotic destinations, historic events or, as in this case, nautical terminology.