Mana at Rorruwuy

Artist Mowarra Ganambarr (1917-2005)

Date1998

Object number00033787

NameBark painting

MediumNatural pigments on bark

DimensionsOverall: 1220 × 845 mm, 4.5 kg

ClassificationsArt

Credit LineANMM Collection Purchased with the assistance of Stephen Grant of the GrantPirrie Gallery

Collections

Gapu-Monuk ~ Saltwater

Terms

DescriptionThis bark painting depicts two sharks (Mana) swimming in the waters of Rorruwuy in Arnhem Bay. Mana is the ancestral shark of both the Datiwuy and Naymil clans and this painting represents the traditional Saltwater Country of the Datiwuy clan. The miny'tji (sacred clan design) that the artist has used refers to the muddied water caused by Mana's thrashing tail.HistoryThe Yolŋu people of Arnhem Land inhabit a landscape that was formed by the actions of ancestral beings, who can take both human and animal form. For instance water now flows where these creatures walked and hills have formed where they died. Ancestral time is not just in the past but also the present and future. In light of this the sacred landscape and stories of East Arnhem Land are central to the Yolŋu people’s way of life and prominent themes in their bark paintings. The Saltwater Project was initiated in 1996 after an illegal fishing camp was discovered at Garranali, a sacred Aboriginal site in East Arnhem Land. This sacred area is home to the ancestral crocodile Bäru and found among the litter of the camp was the severed head of a crocodile. This discovery prompted the local Yolŋu people to produce a series of bark paintings that expressed the rules, philosophies and stories of their region. The project culminated in the production of 80 barks that stressed the importance of Yolnu land ownership, laws and codes of behaviour for those who interacted with the landscape. The Yolŋu have been involved in the land rights struggle since the 1960s. They are currently recognised as the traditional owners of northeast Arnhem Land under the Aboriginal Land Rights Act. This act was passed in the Northern Territory in 1976 and is seen as the benchmark for the recognition of Aboriginal land ownership in Australia. Despite this the issues of Indigenous land ownership, rights, customs and law continue to be contentious in the Australian legal system and wider community.SignificanceThis bark painting is representative of the people belonging to the Dhuwa moiety of the Datiwuy clan in the homeland of Rorruwuy. It is one of eighty barks painted by the Yolnu people of East Arnhem Land in an attempt to express their stories, land rights and laws.