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Monument Erected in Memory of La Perouse
Monument Erected in Memory of La Perouse

Monument Erected in Memory of La Perouse

Maker (French, 1801 - 1850)
Artist (French)
Lithographer (French)
Date1837
Object number00001716
NameLithograph
MediumPaper, ink.
DimensionsOverall: 318 × 460 mm
ClassificationsArt
Credit LineANMM Collection
DescriptionLithograph titled 'Monument eleve a la memoire de la Perouse par M. de Bougainville en 1825 (Botang-bay, Nouvlle Galles Meriodionale' showing the monument erected in the memory of la Perouse in Botany Bay, New South Wales. The artist's details appear beneath the image 'Bichebois de apres E.B. Touanne', 'Fig de Bayot', 'Lith de Benard et Frey'. 1837. Pl. no. 13 of: Journal de la navigation autour du globe de la fregate la Thetis et de la corvette l'Esperance. In 1825 a monument to the French explorer La Perouse was completed on the hill overlooking the bay where the La Perouse expedition ships LA BOUSSOLE and L'ASTROLABE anchored in Botany Bay in January 1788.HistoryJean-Francois de Galaup, Comte de la Perouse, was born in Albi, south-west France in 1741; he joined the French Navy in 1756. He served in North America, the West Indies and in the Indian Ocean during the Seven Years War (1756 - 1763) and in the American War Of Independence. By 1783 La Perouse was a senior captain ("capitaine de vaisseau"), a Knight of the Order of St. Louis and had become an adviser to the senior French naval administrator, Count Claret de Fleurieu. In the period of peace following the Treaty of Paris (1783), Fleurieu and La Perouse began planning for a major French scientific expedition to the Pacific. King Louis XVI took a personal interest in the planning; consequently the expedition was extremely well-equipped and manned. Commanding the expedition ships LA BOUSSOLE and L'ASTROLABE, La Perouse left Brest in August 1785 and sailed for the Pacific by way of Cape Horn. The expedition arrived in Chile in February 1786 and then sailed to Easter Island and the Hawaiian islands before carrying out a detailed survey of the north-west coast of North America. It was during this survey that 21 men were lost when their boat capsized in Lituya Bay. In September 1786 the expedition left the Spanish settlement at Monterey (California) and sailed west across the North Pacific ocean to Macau where they arrived in January 1787. The expedition then headed for the Philippines and continued north-eastward to survey the seas around Japan and Korea. In early September 1787 the ships reached the Russian settlement of Petropavlovsk (Southern Kamchatka) where La Perouse received revised orders to sail to Botany Bay where a new English colony was about to be settled. At Petropavlovsk La Perouse took the opportunity to send overland to Paris an account of his voyage with one of his officers, Jean Baptiste Barthelemy de Lesseps. De Lesseps took a year to make the journey to Paris but successfully presented La Perouse's account of the expedition to French government officials. It proved to be the last correspondence received from La Perouse and was later published in 1797 as 'Voyage de La Perouse Autour du Monde', edited by General Milet-Mureau. From Petropavlovsk the expedition sailed for Botany Bay in New Holland (Australia) by way of Samoa, Tonga and Norfolk Island. At Tutuila in Samoa the expedition suffered a serious setback when Paul-Antoine Fleuriot de Langle (La Perouse's second-in-command) and 11 others were killed by natives while attempting to obtain fresh water. Despite this tragedy, La Perouse sailed on to Botany Bay, arriving there just as the fleet of British ships carrying the first European settlers were departing for the recently-discovered, superior harbour of Port Jackson a few miles to the north. The French ships remained at Botany Bay until 10 March 1788 when La Perouse sailed north-east into the (South-West) Pacific to complete his ambitious exploration journey. It was thought that La Perouse would pass through Torres Strait before crossing the Arafura Sea to the Indian Ocean and finally return to France. But when, by 1791, no further news of the expedition had reached France, authorities hurriedly directed Bruny d'Entrecasteaux to lead an expedition in search of La Perouse's missing ships. D'Entrecasteaux's ships LA RECHERCHE and L'ESPERANCE left France in late September 1791. However, despite searching the western Pacific and passing Vanikoro Island, the expedition found no evidence to explain the disappearance of La Perouse. The mystery of what had happened to the expedition remained unresolved until wreckage of the ASTROLABE was discovered at Vanikoro Island in the Solomon islands by the Anglo- Irish sandalwood trader Peter Dillon in 1826. About one year later, another French explorer, Jules-Sebastien-Cesar Dumont d'Urville, visited Vanikoro to confirm the identity of the wreckage reported by Dillon and erected a monument to La Perouse. Dumont d'Urville also recovered anchors and cannon from the wreck site on the south-western side of the island which he took back to France. These were used to erect a memorial to La Perouse at his birthplace of Albi. Since the mid 1980s a number of Franco-Australian maritime archaeological expeditions visited Vanikoro and, with the consent of the Solomon Islands' government, recovered associated material from underwater and on land. The site of LA BOUSSOLE was not discovered until 1986 when a Franco-Australian archaeological team working with the Solomon Islands National Museum found more wreckage at a site called 'la Faille', approximately half a mile to the east of La Perouse's ASTROLABE wrecksite that had been investigated by the crews of several French naval vessels in the course of 19th century. A collection of archaeological material from Vanikoro is now held in the Musee National de la Marine in Paris and the Musee d'Histoire Maritime de Nouvelle Caledonie in Noumea. It is now evident that the La Perouse expedition encountered a cyclone which forced the BOUSSOLE and ASTROLABE onto the fringing reefs around Vanikoro. Archaeological evidence, supported by oral history, indicates some of the crew survived the wrecking and fashioned an escape vessel from the remains of the ASTROLABE; but their ultimate fate remains unclear. At the time of Dillon's first visit in 1827, islanders related that the last of the survivors had only died a few years before Dillon's arrival and that some of them had left the island in a vessel built from some of the wrecked ships' timbers. SignificanceThis image illustrates an important monument to a significant French exploring expedition that was erected in 1825 by Capt. Hyacinthe de Bougainville (Louis-Antoine de Bougainville's grandson) during a visit to Sydney by the French corvettes THETIS and L'ESPERANCE to commemorate the disappearance of the two ships of the La Perouse expedition, which had arrived in Botany Bay one week after the British First Fleet and departed in March 1788. The two ships disappeared and the fate of the expedition remained a mystery for 39 years.